Paraganglioma gigante del espacio parafaríngeo en una fémina / Giant paraganglioma of the parapharingeal space in a woman: en

Se describe el caso clínico de una paciente de 57 años de edad, con antecedente de hipertensión arterial, quien fue asistida en el Servicio de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del Instituto Nacional de Oncología y Radiobiología de La Habana, remitida de la consulta de Otorrinolaringología de su hospital de cabecera por presentar manifestaciones clínicas de disfagia y diagnóstico clínico de sospecha de un paraganglioma carotídeo. Luego de realizados el examen físico y los estudios complementarios pertinentes, el caso fue discutido por los integrantes de un equipo multidisciplinario y se confirmó la existencia de un paraganglioma del espacio parafaríngeo, por lo que se decidió realizar tratamiento quirúrgico. La evolución fue satisfactoria y a los 2 años del procedimiento quirúrgico no presentaba secuelas.

The case report of a 57 years patient with history of hypertension is described who was assisted in the Head and Neck Surgery Service of the National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology in Havana, referred from the Otolaryngology Service of her head hospital due to clinical manifestations of dysphagia and suspected clinical diagnosis of a carotid paraganglioma. After the physical exam and the pertinent complementary studies, the case was discussed by the members of a multidisciplinary team and the existence of a paraganglioma in the parapharingeal space was confirmed, therefore it was decided to carry out surgical treatment. The clinical course was satisfactory, and 2 years after the surgical procedure there were no sequels.

Abordaje transcervical en el síndrome de Eagle. Reporte de caso clínico / Transcervical Approach in Eagle Syndrome. Clinical Case Report

Resumen El síndrome de Eagle es una enfermedad rara responsable de múltiples síntomas de cabeza y cuello, resultado de un alargamiento del proceso estiloideo u osificación del ligamento estilohioideo comprimiendo estructuras neurovasculares adyacentes, hay dos variantes, el clásico caracterizado principalmente por dolor y disfagia y la variante carotídea distinguido con dolor y en ocasiones isquemia cerebral. Describimos un reporte de caso clínico de un paciente femenino de 45 años, quien experimentaba dolor cervical de lado izquierdo, realizando el protocolo completo de dolor miofascial del Hospital Regional General Ignacio Zaragoza ISSSTE de la Ciudad de México, el estudio de tomografía computada evidenció una elongación de 50mm del proceso estiloideo, confirmando el diagnóstico, enfocando el artículo en la descripción anatómico-quirúrgica.

Abstract Eagle syndrome is a rare disease responsible for multiple head and neck symptoms, resulting from an elongation of the styloid process or ossification of the stylohyoid ligament compressing adjacent neurovascular structures. There are two variants, the classic one characterized mainly by pain and dysphagia and the carotid variant distinguished with pain and sometimes cerebral ischemia. We describe a clinical case report of a 45-year-old female patient, who experienced left cervical pain, performing the complete myofascial pain protocol of the Regional Hospital "General Ignacio Zaragoza" ISSSTE in Mexico City, resulting in a 50mm elongation of the styloid process in the CT scan, confirming the diagnosis, and focusing the article on the anatomical-surgical description.

Remoción diferida de un tercer molar superior impulsado a la región infratemporal / Deferred removal of a third upper molar driven to the infratemporal region

La cirugía de los terceros molares retenidos puede ser considerada una intervención de rutina para el cirujano bucomaxilofacial. Como todo procedimien-to quirúrgico, puede presentar complicaciones intra y postoperatorias. Las más frecuentes son el dolor, edema, trismus, hemorragia y fracturas de las piezas dentarias a extraer, o de las tablas óseas. Pero tam-bién se pueden presentar otras complicaciones ines-peradas, como la impulsión o desplazamiento de la pieza dentaria a espacios anatómicos vecinos, entre los que podemos encontrar al espacio pterigomandi-bular, la celda submaxilar, el seno maxilar, el espacio infratemporal, según se trate de terceros molares retenidos inferiores o superiores. En el presente ar-tículo, se describe una situación clínica de un tercer molar superior, que fue accidentalmente impulsado a la región infratemporal, y removido en una segunda cirugía realizada 3 semanas después del primer in-tento de exodoncia. Se analizan también los estudios preoperatorios para su correcto diagnóstico, y las maniobras clínicas e instrumentales tendientes a po-sibilitar su remoción minimizando las complicaciones intra y postquirúrgicas (AU)

Surgery of retained third molars can be considered a routine intervention for the oral surgeon. Like any surgical procedure, it can present intra and posto-perative complications. The most frequent are pain, edema, trismus, hemorrhage and fractures of the teeth to be extracted or of the bone tables. But other unexpected complications can also occur, such as the impulsion or displacement of the tooth to neighbo-ring anatomical spaces, among which we can find the pterygomandibular space, the submaxillary cell, the maxillary sinus, the buccal space, the infratemporal space and the lateral pharyngeal space, depending on whether they are lower or upper retained third mo-lars. In this article, the clinical case of a third upper molar is described, which was accidentally driven to the infratemporal region, which was removed in a second surgery performed 3 weeks after the first attempt at exodontics. It should be noted the impor-tance of diagnostic imaging as an indispensable com-plement to the correct location of the displaced tooth and its subsequent removal (AU)

Transoral endoscopic resection of benign tumors in parapharyngeal space via medial pterygomandibular raphe approach / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the surgical methods and effects of transoral endoscopic resection of benign tumors in parapharyngeal space via medial pterygomandibular raphe approach. Methods: The clinical data of 23 patients who underwent resection of benign tumors in parapharyngeal space by endoscopic medial pterygomandibular raphe approach from January 2016 to July 2020 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University were analyzed retrospectively. There were 14 males and 9 females with a median age of 43 years. The tumors were located in the anterior space of the styloid process in 13 cases and in the posterior space in 10 cases. The smallest tumor volume was 7.3 ml and the largest was 80.2 ml. The preoperative imaging features, the characteristics and risks of this approach in the operation were analyzed, and the feasible mode of operation was explored. Results: All patients completed the operation successfully. The intraoperative blood loss was 20 to 50 ml, with an average of 28.3 ml. The operation time was 40 to 110 min, with an average of 75.4 min. The incision length was 2 to 4 cm, with an average of 3.0 cm. The postoperative pain score was 2 to 4, with an average of 3.2. The postoperative hospital stay was 4 to 9 d, with an average of 6.7 d. Postoperative pathological diagnosis included pleomorphic adenoma (n=12), neurilemmoma (n=10) and basal cell adenoma (n=1). The patients were followed up for 6 to 60 months. There was no postoperative complication such as infection or serious bleeding, and there was no tumor recurrence after operation. Conclusion: Endoscopic resection of benign tumor in parapharyngeal space via medial pterygomandibular raphe approach is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of tumors in parapharyngeal space.

Transoral robotic surgery for parapharyngeal space neoplasm: a report of 7 cases / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for parapharyngeal space (PPS) neoplasms. Methods: We collected data from 7 patients with PPS neoplasm who received TORS in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between May 2017 and November 2020, and patients' clinical and pathological characteristics were analysed. There were 2 men and 5 women with age ranged from 35 to 76 years. Among them, 2 patients underwent secondary surgery, 2 patients required combined transcervical approach to complete surgery, and 1 patient was suspected of ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis and scheduled for diagnostic TORS. The preoperative tumor size, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative bleeding, dyspnea, neurological impairment, feeding time and postoperative hospital stay were analyzed. SPSS 24.0 was used to analyze the data. Results: TORS was performed successfully with complete removal of tumors in all 7 cases. Among 6 patients with curative TORS, 5 patients received TORS with postoperative diagnoses of neurogenic tumors and 1 patient underwent TORS combined transcervical approach with postoperative disgnosis of recurrent pleomorphic adenoma; no intraoperative tumor rupture occurred; the intraoperative blood loss was 20-200 ml with a median of 40 ml; the operation time was 65.0-238.0 min with a median of 77.5 min; the oral feeding time was 3-6 days with a median of 3 days; and the postoperative hospital stay was 4.2±1.6 days. One patient presented with neck swelling 3 days after surgery, but this symptom relieved 3 days later after treatments with antibiotic, hemostasis and detumescence. One patient received diagnostic TORS, as intraoperative pathology indicating a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, then the neoplasm got completely resected through transcervical-transparotid approach. None of 7 patients manifested with airway obstruction, bleeding or nerve injury symptoms after operation. All patients were followed for 2 to 44 months, no local recurrence or distant metastasis was found. Conclusions: TORS is a safe, effective and feasible treatment for selected PPS neoplasms, with less cosmetic impact, less trauma and blood loss, few postoperative complications, enhanced postoperative recovery and short hospital stay.

Approach to a sewing needle in the parapharyngeal space: A case report

Objective@#To describe a unique situation of a sewing needle lodged in the parapharyngeal space and elucidate the problems encountered in its successful removal.@*Methods@#Design: Case Report. Setting: Tertiary Private Hospital. Patient: One.@*Result@#A 24-year-old male tailor accidentally swallowed a sewing needle that pierced the oropharyngeal wall and was wedged in the parapharyngeal space. After a thorough physical examination, 70 degree rod endoscopy, radiography and doppler ultrasonography and intraoperative C-arm X-ray for intraoperative localization and as a guide for extraction all yielded less than optimal guidance. Although an intra-oral approach was initially taken, the transcervical approach provided the best access. @*Conclusion@#Removal of a sharp foreign body in the parapharyngeal space should be considered a surgical emergency owing to its close proximity to vital structures and the potential for serious complications. Identifying the exact location may require a variety of imaging modalities, and foreign body extraction may entail multiple surgical approaches.

Adenoma pleomórfico del espacio parafaríngeo: una entidad escondida / Pleomorphic adenoma of the parapharyngeal space: a hidden entity

Resumen Los tumores del espacio parafaríngeo son poco frecuentes. Dentro de ellos, las neoplasias benignas son las más frecuentes, destacando principalmente los adenomas pleomorfos. Estos tumores suelen permanecer asintomáticos hasta alcanzar el tamaño suficiente para producir alteraciones debido al efecto de masa. A pesar de su naturaleza benigna, es necesario realizar resección completa dada su alta tasa de recurrencia y potencial de transformación maligna. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 52 años que en estudio de vértigo se detecta incidentalmente una masa tumoral del espacio parafaríngeo de 45 mm × 32 mm de diámetro, de etiología incierta. Se realizó una biopsia incisional endoscópica que evidenció un adenoma pleomórfico, que actualmente se encuentra en etapa de evaluación y planificación de escisión completa. En conclusión, dado que los hallazgos clínicos y radiológicos no siempre son suficientes para determinar la naturaleza de las lesiones del espacio parafaríngeo, es importante contar con un diagnóstico histológico. Los avances en las técnicas de cirugía endoscópica sinusal han permitido acceder a esta zona con una mínima morbilidad y estadía hospitalaria. Debido a la posibilidad de transformación maligna los adenomas pleomórficos requieren un manejo activo.

Abstract Tumors of the parapharyngeal space are rare. Benign neoplasms are the most frequent and, among them, pleomorphic adenomas stand out. These tumors are usually asymptomatic until they reach a size large enough to produce symptoms due to mass effect. Despite its benign nature, it is necessary to perform a complete resection given its high recurrence rate and its potential for malignant transformation. We present the case of a 52-year-old man in whom a study of vertigo incidentally detected a mass in the parapharyngeal space measuring 45 mm × 32 mm in diameter, of unknown etiology. An endoscopic incisional biopsy was performed, showing a pleomorphic adenoma, which is currently under assessment to plan complete removal. In conclusion, as clinical and radiological findings are not always sufficient to determine the nature of parapharyngeal space lesions, it is important to obtain a histological diagnosis. Advances in endoscopic sinus surgery techniques have allowed access to this area with minimal morbidity and hospital stay. Due to the possibility of malignant transformation pleomorphic adenomas require active management.

Plenitud ótica como primer síntoma en patología del espacio parafaríngeo / Otic fullness as a first symptom in parapharyngeal space pathology

RESUMEN Los tumores del espacio parafaríngeo (EP) son poco frecuentes, representando el 0,5%-1% de las neoplasias de cabeza y cuello. La distribución de los tumores del EP constituye: 40% tumores de glándulas salivales, seguidos de tumores neurogénicos y adenopatías. Presentamos un caso de una paciente de 52 años que acude por presentar sensación de taponamiento ótico izquierdo y molestias faríngeas de 3 meses de evolución. Tras una exploración otorrinolaringológica completa se sospecha patología del espacio parafaríngeo, que se confirma con las pruebas de imagen. Se realiza exéresis quirúrgica mediante abordaje transcervical-transparotídeo, con buena evolución posoperatoria y sin recidiva tras 1 año de seguimiento. El estudio anatomopatológico informa adenoma pleomorfo de parótida. En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de la etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas lesiones. Consideramos crucial realizar una exploración física otorrinolaringológica completa ante la presencia de un paciente con sintomatología inespecífica ya que el EP constituye un área anatómica difícil de explorar y que a menudo pasa desapercibida, por lo que la patología del EP representa un reto diagnóstico y terapéutico.

ABSTRACT Parapharyngeal space (PPS) tumors are infrequent and account for 0.5%-1% of head and neck neoplasms. Therefore, they represent a diagnostic challenge. The distribution of PPS tumors is as follows: 40% salivary tumors, followed by neurogenic tumors and adenopathies. We report a case of a 50 year old woman that presented with a 3-month history of otic fullness and pharyngeal disturbances. The otolaryngological examination showed PPS pathology that was confirmed by radiological images. Surgical excision by transcervical-transparotid approach was performed followed by uncomplicated healing with no recurrence in one year. The histological examination reported a pleomorphic parotid adenoma. The authors provide a discussion of the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this type of lesions. This clinical manuscript may shed light on the importance of a complete otolaryngological examination in a patient with unspecific symptoms considering that the PPS is a complex anatomic region and its pathology can easily go unnoticed.

Resección transoral-transnasal de tumores del espacio parafaríngeo / Transoral-transnasal approach to parapharyngeal space tumors

Objetivos: Determinar la tasa de resección quirúrgica completa en tumores seleccionados del Espacio parafaríngeo tratados por vía transoral o transnasal o por ambas. Diseño: descriptivo, retrospectivo. Materiales y métodos: Se incluyeron en este estudio los pacientes que tuvieron neoplasias localizadas en el espacio parafaríngeo y que fueron tratados con cirugía por vía transoral o transnasal. El abordaje transoral consistió en realizar una incisión con cauterio en la zona de mayor protrusión del tumor (pilar amigdalino y paladar), disección de la mucosa y del tumor de los planos profundos, traccionándolo hacia la cavidad oral. Para disecar el límite superior (rinofaringe) y lateral se utilizaron endoscopios que fueron introducidos por la incisión y por la cavidad nasal. El abordaje transnasal consistió en realizar una incisión en la pared lateral de la rinofaringe y disecar el tumor del plano profundo traccionándolo hacia el cavum. Resultados: Fueron tratados 3 pacientes por vía transoral y uno por vía endonasal por padecer tumores del espacio parafaríngeo. Tres tumores se originaron en glándulas salivales menores localizadas una en el espacio. Preestiloideo (1/3), otra en el espacio masticador (1/3) y otra en el sector superior del espacio preestiloideo (1/3). La histología dio como resultado dos adenoma pleomorfo y un carcinoma mucoepidermoide de bajo grado (1/3). (Está bien así? Qué es 1/3?). Una neoplasia se originó en el lóbulo profundo de la parótida y se extendió al espacio preestiloideo, su histología fue carcinoma mucoepidermoide de grado moderado. Conclusiones: La tasa de resección completa en pacientes con tumores del espacio parafaríngeo seleccionados tratados por vía transoral y endonasal fue del 100%. (AU)

Objectives: To determine the rate of complete surgical resection in parapharyngeal space selected tumors treated with transoral and / or transnasal approach. Design: Descriptive, retrospective. Materials and methods: Patients who had tumors localized in parapharyngealspace and who were treated with transoral or transnasal surgery. were included in this study. The transoral approach consisted in performing an incision with cautery in the area of greates tumor protrusion (tonsillar pillar and palate), dissection of the mucosa and tumor of the deep planes, pulling it into the oral cavity. To dissect the upper limit (nasopharynx) and lateral we used endoscopes that were inserted by the incision and the nasal cavity. The transnasal approach consisted in making an incision in the side wall of the nasopharynx and dissect the tumor of the deep plane pulling it towards the cavum. Results: Three patients were treated with transoral and one byendonasalapproacheswho had parapharyngeal space tumors. Three tumors originated in minor salivary glands located in prestyloidspace (1/3), masticator space (1/3) and upper sector of pree-styloid space (1/3). Histology was in two pleomorphic adenoma, and another onelow degree mucoepidermoid carcinoma (1/3). A neoplasm was originated in the deep lobe of the parotid gland and was extended to the prestyloid space, was a moderate degree of mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusions: Complete resection rate in patients with selected parapharyngeal space tumors, treated by transorally and endonasal approach was 100%. (AU)

Desplazamiento accidental hacia el espacio parafaríngeo de un fragmento de un tercer molar inferior retenido / Accidental displacement of a fragment of a retained lower third molar towards the parapharyngeal space

La extracción quirúrgica de los terceros molares retenidos es la operación realizada con más frecuencia por los cirujanos maxilofaciales, incluso de forma profiláctica, y se asocia con complicaciones trans y posoperatorias. Se presenta un caso con desplazamiento de un fragmento del tercer molar inferior izquierdo durante su exéresis quirúrgica hacia el espacio parafaríngeo, que resulta raro tanto por su frecuencia como por el tratamiento utilizado en esta complicación, pues se han reportado muy pocos casos en la literatura internacional y ninguno en nuestro país(AU)

The surgical removal of the retained third molars is the most common surgery performed by maxillofacial surgeons, even in a prophylactic way, and it is associated with trans- and postoperative complications. A case with displacement of a fragment of the left lower third molar towards the parapharyngeal space during its surgical exeresis is presented. It is a rare case due to its frequency and to the treatment used in this complication, since a few cases have been reported in international literature and none in our country(AU)